网络编程
1.1、概述

计算机网络:
是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换,通信。
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
1、如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机 192.168.16.124:端口号,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
2、找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
javaweb:网页编程 B/S(架构)
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S(架构)
1.2、网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方地址:
规则: 网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型:

小结:
1. 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
2. 网络编程中的要素
- IP 和 端口号 ip的一些类
- 网络通信的协议 UDP和TCP的一些类
3. 万物皆对象
1.3、IP
ip地址:InetAddress
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package com.ren.lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
//查询网址IP地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//获取规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//获得主机名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//获取域名,或者自己电脑的名称
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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结果图:

1.4、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程;
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package com.ren.lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口
}
}
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结果图:


1.5、通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话。
网络通信协议 :速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制….
问题:非常的复杂?
大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议(相当于写信,传出去就不管了)
出名的协议:
TCP UDP对比
TCP:比作打电话
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//其原理跟这个对话很相似,理解这个对话之间的联系
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接
A: 你愁啥?
B: 瞅你咋地?
A: 干一场!
A: 我要走了!
B: 你真的要走了吗?
B: 你真的真的要走了吗?
A: 我真的要走了!
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UDP:比作发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端,服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你…
- 类似于导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击! (饱和式攻击)
1.6、 TCP
客户端
1、连接服务器,通过socket
2、发送消息
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package com.ren.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("欢迎来到篮球世界".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!= null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
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服务器
1、建立服务的端口ServerSocket
2、等待用户的连接,通过accept,它会返回咋们客户端的socket
3、接受用户的消息
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package com.ren.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args){
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3. 读取客户的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
/*
* 基础不好时的写法
* byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
* int len;
* while((len = is.read(buffer))!= -1){
* String msg = new String(buffer,0,len);
* System.out.println(msg);
* }
* */
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer))!= -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//将字节转化为字符
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if(baos!= null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket!= null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
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文件上传
服务器端
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package com.ren.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接受完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//5.关闭资源
os.close();
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
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客户端
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package com.ren.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("tx.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[] 管道流
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
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结果图

Tomcat
服务端
客户端
所以这就是常说的C/S,B/S
1.7 、UDP
相当于发短信:不用连接,需要对方的地址!
客户端
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package com.ren.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊,篮球";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9191;
//发送的数据,数据的起始长度,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭数据
socket.close();
}
}
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服务端
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package com.ren.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9191);
//接受数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);//接收
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭资源
socket.close();
}
}
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结果图:

循环发送消息
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package com.ren.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取 System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
//读取控制台这一行的数据
String data = reader.readLine();
//将读取的数据转为字节
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
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循环接收消息
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package com.ren.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiverData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiverData);
if(receiverData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
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结果图:


在线咨询:两个人都可以是发送方,也都是接收方!
发送端:采用了线程方法
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package com.ren.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try{
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
//准备数据:控制台读取 System.in
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try{
//读取控制台这一行的数据
String data = reader.readLine();
//将读取的数据转为字节
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(toIP, toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
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接收端:
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package com.ren.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try{
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try{
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiverData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiverData);
if(receiverData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
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学生端:
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package com.ren.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
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老师端:
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package com.ren.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
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结果图:


1.8、URL
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS叫域名解析 相当于把 www.baidu.com 解析成 xxx.xxx.xx.xx 的一个IP